Blister natural pearl

5.22. Blister natural pearl South sea pearls wholesale a natural pearl (5.118) that has perforated the mantle of the mollusc and has naturally adhered, through layers of nacreous or non-nacreous secretions applied by the mollusc, to the inner wall of the shell. The subsequently formed layers of nacreous or non-nacreous material are continuous with those of the inner wall of the shell. They are round or irregular in shape and are secreted without human intervention (Scarratt 2001). Blister pearls are known in the Arabian Gulf as "Nimro". The base of natural blister pearls may be worked (5.185). 5.23. Body colour the dominant, overall colour of the natural or cultured pearl. 5.24. Bombay Bunches strands of round salt water natural seed pearls (ranging from less than 1 mm to 3 mm)(5.159), mostly with medium to high lustre and well-matching colour. These bunches are known by the trade as Bombay Bunches and are mostly marketed in Europe. 5.25. Bombay pearls commercial name for natural pearls chiefly from Pinctada radiata (6.52), fished from the Arabian Gulf and Red Sea and exported through Bombay, India (Mikkelsen, 2003). 5.26. Bonding the union or cohesion brought about by the use of a substance or an agent that causes two or more objects or parts to cohere. 5.27. Bonus cultured pearl See Lagniappe cultured pearl (5.93) and Keshi cultured pearl (5.91). 5.28. Buffing Golden South sea pearls wholesale removing organic residues from the surfaces of natural and cultured pearls following harvest (see also polishing, 5.148). 5.29. Button-shaped pearl a symmetrical domed-shape pearl with or without a flattish bottom. 5.30. Carat unit of weight (5.184) (mass 5.102), equal to one fifth of a gram (200 milligrams) or 4 grains (5.73). 5.31. Cerclé see circled cultured pearl (5.35). 5.32. Chaw The chaw is a system of converting weight into volume. Pearls in the Arabian Gulf and India are often sold by chaw. Chaw is calculated as follows: Chaw = (carat weight)² x 88 / no. of Pearls135 The Chaw price depends on the grade and type of pearls. 5.33. Chinese drilling a term applied to natural pearls that are, in general, button-shaped and drilled (5.55) with two drill-holes. Both drill-holes penetrate the pearl from different points on the flat or less-round side and meet at a point within the pearl. The drilling was originally designed to facilitate pearls being used as buttons. 5.34. Choker a strand of uniform sized natural pearls, cultured pearls or imitation pearls measuring 35-40cm (14 to 16 inches) in length. 5.35. Circled cultured pearl a cultured pearl (5.48) also known as cerclé,(5.31) with one or more concentric rings or indented grooves around it (Mikkelsen, 2003). 5.36. Clam pearl Mutiara Lombok and Miss Joaquim Pearls natural pearl from the hard-shell and giant clams, e.g., Mercenaria mercenaria (quahog)(6.41), Tridacna gigas (giant clam) (6.69) et.al., (Shirai, 1994, Hill., 2004, 1977, Hardy, 1947). Note: see Clause 2 Normative References; Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora 5.37. Cleaning following its removal from a mollusc, a pearl maybe cleaned of debris by immersion in water that contains various detergents. This process does not include any bleaching chemicals and is known as ‗cleaning‘. 5.38. Coating an artificial layer of any natural or artificial substance spread over the surface, or part of the surface, of pearls for protection, colouration, increased lustre and other optical phenomena (orient and overtone), decoration or to change appearance; a covering layer. Note: any natural or cultured pearl (5.118 and 5.48) that is coated, i.e., the outer layer is not composed of nacre laid down by a mollusc, shall be considered an imitation of a pearl (5.84). 5.39. Collar a strand of pearls, cultured pearls or imitation pearls measuring 25-33cm (10 to 13 inches) in length.

Pearl Terms and general definitions

South sea pearls wholesale Terms and general definitions For the purposes of these CIBJO Standard/rules, the following terms and definitions apply; 5.1. Abalone Cultured Blister a cultured blister (5.49) from an abalone.(6.1) (Wentzel, 1998, Brown, 1994, Fankboner, 2001, Fankboner, 2002, Liu, 2002, Wentzel, 2004). 5.2. Abalone Pearl a natural pearl, usually coloured, found in gastropod molluscs of the Haliotis (6.24) genus in the Pacific, Atlantic and Indian Ocean (Kelly, 2003). 5.3. Adductor muscle the muscle attached to both valves of a bi-valve (5.16) that causes the shell to close when it contracts (Mikkelsen, 2003). 5.4. Akoya see (6.45 and 6.3) (Mikkelsen, 2003). 5.5. Akoya cultured pearl a beaded cultured pearl (5.15) produced in Pinctada fucata (martensii) (6.45), the Akoya pearl oyster. 5.6. Artificial products Products which are composites or imitations (5.84). 5.7. Assembled See composite (5.42) cultured pearl and assembled cultured pearl blister (5.7). 5.8. Assembled cultured blister Golden South sea pearls wholesale assemblages of a purpose-grown cultured blisters (5.49) which have been cut from their shell, the original bead (5.124) upon which they grew being removed and the cavity filled with various types of man-made materials, and backed by a layer of shell, the assemblages being held together by an adhesive; commonly known as Mabe (5.97) or Hankei (5.79) and occur in both fresh and saltwater environments. Not to be confused with cut cultured pearl (5.50). (Mikkelsen, 2003, Walker, 2001). 5.9. Arabian Gulf An area in Southwest Asia that is an extension of the Indian Ocean located between Iran and the Arabian Peninsula. 5.10. Arabian Gulf pearls natural pearls (5.118) produced from the Pinctada Radiata (6.52). 5.11. Bahraini pearl a natural pearl (5.118) from Bahraini waters in the Arabian gulf produced from the Pinctada Radiata (6.52). 5.12. Baroque an irregularly shaped natural (5.118) or cultured pearl (5.48). Baroque was originally a French adjective used to describe objects or pearls that were not symmetrical in shape. (Mikkelsen, 2003). 5.13. Basra Pearl a natural pearl (5.118) from the Arabian gulf produced from the Pinctada Radiata (6.52). 5.14. Bead for cultured pearls 17 Mutiara Lombok and Miss Joaquim Pearls a sphere (usually) or other shape (occasionally) originally formed by cutting and polishing a nacreous shell used to accommodate the nacre (5.110) secreted from a cultured pearl sac (5.47). The bead eventually forms the centre of a beaded cultured pearl (5.15). Note: Atypically, beads formed from natural (5.118) or cultured pearls (5.48) of various types or other materials may be used, however, in such circumstances the product shall be described as containing an atypical bead or the type of bead shall be named, e.g., an ―atypical bead cultured pearl‖, a ―turquoise bead cultured pearl‖. 5.15. Beaded Nacreous Cultured Pearl beaded cultured pearls are usually nacreous (5.111) formations secreted in the interior of a pearl oyster (5.137). A bead (5.14) is inserted into the mollusc along with a piece of mantle tissue which eventually forms the cultured pearl sac (5.47) around the bead (5.14) which is in turn responsible for the secretion of nacreous layers. The outer layers of beaded nacreous cultured pearls are concentric and composed of a complex scleroprotein named conchiolin (5.44) and of calcium carbonate (usually in the form of aragonite). See nacreous cultured pearls (5.48). 5.16. Bivalve a member of the molluscan class Bivalvia, having a two-part shell, e.g., clam, oyster, mussel, and scallop (Mikkelsen, 2003). 5.17. Biwa Cultured Pearl a freshwater beaded or non-beaded cultured pearl produced in Lake Biwa, Japan, using the freshwater bivalve mollusc Hyriopsis schlegeli (6.27). See also 5.179 (Mikkelsen, 2003). 5.18. Black Cultured Pearl natural colour, cultured black pearl produced using either Pinctada margaritifera (6.49) (the Tahitian cultured pearl (5.171), Pinctada mazatlanica (6.51) or Pteria sterna (6.59) or other pearl oysters (5.137). The colour is not caused by any subsequent processing. 5.19. Black Natural Pearl natural colour, natural black pearl produced by Pinctada margaritifera (6.49) Pinctada mazatlanica (6.51) or Pteria sterna (6.59). Colour not caused by any subsequent processing. 5.20. Bleaching to remove, lighten (make whiter) or alter (e.g., from black to brown/bronze) colour by means of chemical and/or physical agents or light. (Shouguo, 2001, Sanchez, 2004). 5.21. Blister cultured pearl

“Imitation pearls ” or “simulated pearls”

South sea pearls wholesale 4.10.4. “Imitation” or “simulated” Imitations (5.84) or simulants (5.162) of natural pearls and cultured pearls shall, prior to the closing of the sale, require a verbal explanation that it is an imitation or simulant of a natural or cultured pearl, and, in the event of a written presentation shall be immediately preceded by the word ‗imitation‘ or ‗simulated‘, with equal emphasis and prominence, with characters of the same size and colour as those of the name itself, e.g., simulated pearl, imitation pearl etc. Do not abbreviate. If an imitation (5.84) or simulant (5.162) of a natural pearl or a cultured pearl can be purchased without personally viewing the product, (e.g., direct mail, catalogues, online services, televised shopping programmes, etc.) explanation shall be made that it is an imitation or simulant pearl in the presentation and/or description of the product prior to the close of the sale. NOTE: The placing of an asterisk next to the word pearl, making reference to a footnote explanation of the fact that the product is an imitation, simulant of a pearl or cultured pearl does not comply with this clause. 4.10.5. Terms other than „imitation‟, „or „simulated‟ Do not use a qualifying term other than ‗imitation‘ or‘, or ‗simulated‘ to describe any product defined in (5.84), (5.162) and (4.10). 4.10.6. Trade Marks When Trade Marks, brands, or fancy names are used to describe imitations of pearls or cultured pearls the use shall not conceal the fact that the product is an imitation, e.g., Trade Marks shall be used in the following format: ‗Majorica Imitation Pearl‘, indicating that the article in question is an imitation of a pearl whose trademark is "Majorica". 4.11. Weight and measurement 4.11.1. Weight Golden South sea pearls wholesale the weight of cultured pearls shall be expressed in momme (5.108), kan (5.88) liang (5.94), carats (5.30) or grams (5.74). The weight of a natural pearl shall be expressed in pearl grains (5.73), liang (5.94), or carats (5.30), (four grains are equal to one metric carat) or methgal (5.105) a unit of weight used in the Arabian Gulf that is equal to 4.5 grams, note also the chaw (5.32). IMPORTANT: It is acknowledged that the weight of a natural or cultured pearl may change over time. NOTE: It is an unfair trade practice to misrepresent the weight of any natural or cultured pearl or to deceive as to the weight of any natural or cultured pearl. It is also an unfair trade practice to state or otherwise represent the weight of all natural or cultured pearls contained in any article unless such weight figure is accompanied with equal emphasis and prominence by the words "total weight", or words of similar meaning, so as to indicate clearly that the weight so stated or represented is that of all pearls in the article and not that of the centre or largest one. NOTE: The SI (Système International) generally uses the term mass (5.102) instead of weight (5.184). Mass is a measure of an object‘s inertial property, or the amount of matter it contains. Weight is a measure of the force exerted on an object by gravity or the force needed to support it. 4.11.2. Measurement Mutiara Lombok and Miss Joaquim PearlsThe measurements of a single natural (5.118) and/or cultured (5.48) pearl shall be expressed to the nearest one fourth (.25) of a millimetre for sizes below 10 mm and nearest one tenth (.10) of a millimetre for sizes 10 mm and above. 4.11.3. Single pearls The following measurements shall be contained in the description of a single natural or cultured pearl; - round shape: widest diameter - fancy shape: maximum length, maximum diameter 4.11.4. Graduated strands The measurements used to describe a graduated strand of natural and/or cultured pearls shall include the maximum diameter of the largest and the smallest. The measurements shall be expressed to the nearest one tenth (.10) of a millimetre. 4.11.5. Uniform strands The measurements used to describe a uniform strand of natural and/or cultured pearls shall be expressed in one half (0.5) mm to 1.99mm variations and stated as the minimum size, e.g., 6 - 6.5 mm, dependent upon the average size of the strand.

Natural Pearls

South sea pearls wholesale Natural Pearls Natural pearls (5.118) of all varieties may have been subsequently modified or treated by the processes set out in Clauses 4.8.2.1 and 4.8.2.2 which shall apply at the points of sale (5.147). 4.8.2.1. No requirement for declaration. Natural pearls (5.118), which have only been polished (5.148), buffed (5.28), peeled (5.140) and /or, cleaned2 (5.37), do not require this information (polished, buffed, peeled, cleaned) to be stated in their description at the point of sale (5.147). 4.8.2.2. Requirement to declare. Natural pearls (5.118) requiring specific information of their modifications or treatments to be given at the point of sale (5.147) are all those not specifically mentioned in Clause (4.8.2.1). Those modifications, presently known, that require specific information to be stated at the point of sale are; bleaching (5.20), coating (5.38), cutting (5.51), dyeing (5.54), filling (5.59), irradiation (5.87), oiling (5.126), tinting (5.178) waxing (5.183) and working (5.185). When making reference, to a pearl (5.118) that has been modified or treated as described in (4.8.2.2) above (except see Bleaching below), the words ‗natural pearl‘, ‗pearl‘, or the ‗colour description‘ shall immediately be preceded or followed by a word or words that describe the modification or treatment and shall, prior to the closing of the sale, require a verbal explanation that the natural pearl has been modified or treated. In the event of a written presentation, the word describing the modification or treatment shall be of equal emphasis and prominence, with characters of the same size and colour as those of the name itself. Do not abbreviate. Examples: Coated natural pearl; “colour― (dyed) natural pearl; Filled natural pearl; Yellow (heated) natural pearl, Black (irradiated) natural pearl; Oiled natural pearl; Waxed natural pearl; worked natural pearl; or treated natural pearl. Bleaching (5.20) shall be identified on commercial documents by an asterisk immediately following the name of the pearl to relate to a footnote that will identify that the pearl is bleached. Example: …..natural pearls* *These natural pearls have been bleached to modify and/or change their appearance. Golden South sea pearls wholesale If a natural pearl (5.118) can be purchased without personally viewing the product, (e.g., direct mail, catalogues, online services, televised shopping programmes) explanation shall be made that it is a modified or treated natural pearl in the presentation and/or description of the product prior to the close of the sale. 4.8.3. Non-permanent modifications or treatments. Pearls (5.118) and cultured pearls (5.48) subjected to processes in clauses 4.8 that are not permanent shall require prior to the closing of the sale a declaration that the process is not permanent and that they require special care. See Annex C and 4.8.4. 4.8.4. Trade codes for modifications or treatments. The codes listed in Annex A shall only be used on commercial documents within the industry; they are not to be used for the consumer. The codes are intended to facilitate the insertion of vital information on tags attached to merchandise, on invoices and or other commercial documents used within the trade. Methods of pearl treatment disclosure shall be in accordance with Clause (4.8.1.) modifications and/or treatments for cultured pearls and Clause (4.8.2.1) for natural pearls. Where multiple treatments have been applied multiple codes shall be used, e.g., BW (Bleached/Waxed). Where special care is required to preserve the results of a treatment the initials sc (Special Care) shall be added after the code, e.g., Dsc (Dyed/Special Care). Also see Annex C. 4.9. Trade codes for untreated/unmodified natural and cultured pearls that require special care. The code (SC – Special Care) shall only be used within the industry; it shall not to be used for the consumer. The codes are intended to facilitate the insertion of vital information on tags attached to merchandise, on invoices and or other commercial documents used within the trade. All natural and cultured pearls (5.48 and 5.118) shall have special care advice that includes instructions that they should not be worn while carrying out heavy work, should be kept away from all solvents, should not be wrapped in cotton wool or moisture absorbing materials or subjected to high temperatures as well as ultrasonic cleaning and should be kept away from acids during the manufacturing process. This care advice should be regarded as normal for natural and cultured pearls across the product range and a code is unnecessary. However, there are particular cases were a code would be useful, examples of which are (also see Annex C) Natural Abalone Pearl, (SC). – Often hollow and therefore fragile. Natural Conch Pearl, (SC). – Colour may fade or change if exposed to long periods of sunlight or short exposures to x-rays Cultured Conch Pearl (SC) – Colour may fade or change if exposed to long periods of sunlight or short exposures to x-rays 4.10. Imitations or simulants 4.10.1. “Cultured pearl-like”, “semi-cultured-pearl”, “faux pearls „‟, “mother of pearl”, etc. the terms ―cultured pearl-like‖, ―semi-cultured-pearl‖, ―faux pearls‖, ―mother of pearl‖ or any other similar expression shall not be used when referring to imitation (5.84) or simulated pearls (5.162). 4.10.2. Commercial namesMutiara Lombok and Miss Joaquim Pearls The name of an imitation (5.84) or simulated (5.162) pearl shall not be similar to the name, or the sound of the name (neither entirely, nor abbreviated, nor by way of an allusion), of any natural or cultured pearl. 4.10.3. Geographical areas Do not use the name of a geographical area associated with the production, processing or exporting of natural or cultured pearls in connection with and or referring to imitation pearls (5.84).

All about Cultured Pearls

South sea pearls wholesale an Cultured pearls. the term ‗cultured‘ shall only be used for cultured pearls (5.48). This applies to all cultured pearls, whichever method or body of water is used for their formation. 4.7.3. „Freshwater cultured pearl‟ the term ‗freshwater cultured pearl‘ (5.65) shall always be used for cultured pearls that have been cultured in freshwater rivers, lakes and ponds. When making reference to a freshwater cultured pearl, the words ‗cultured pearl‘ shall immediately be preceded by the word ‗freshwater‘ and shall, prior to the closing of the sale, require a verbal explanation that it is a freshwater cultured pearl, and in the event of a written presentation, shall immediately be preceded by the word ‗freshwater‘, with equal emphasis and prominence, with characters of the same size and colour as those of the name itself. Do not abbreviate. If a freshwater cultured pearl can be purchased without personally viewing the product, (e.g., direct mail, catalogues, online services, televised shopping programmes) explanation shall be made that it is a freshwater cultured pearl in the presentation and/or description of the product prior to the close of the sale. NOTE: The placing of an asterisk next to the name of a freshwater cultured pearl, making reference to a footnote explanation of the fact that the product is a freshwater cultured pearl, does not comply with the requirements of this clause. 4.7.4. „Freshwater natural pearl‟ the term ‗freshwater (5.64) natural pearl‘ (5.118) shall only be used to describe natural freshwater pearls (5.66). 4.7.5. Natural Pearl Golden South sea pearls wholesale The term natural pearl shall only be used to describe natural pearls (5.118) i.e., pearls produced naturally within a natural pearl sac (5.119) and without any human intervention. 4.7.6. „Oriental pearl‟ the term ‗oriental pearl‘ (5.131) shall only be used for natural saltwater pearls (5.155, 5.118) and shall not be used to denote the quality or appearance of a pearl. 4.7.7. „Pearl‟ If the word "pearl" (5.135) is used without qualification within a commercial document it shall be understood that the item being referred to is a "natural pearl". However, to avoid confusion and /or misinterpretation in commercial documents, it is recommended that natural pearls be labelled as "natural pearls‖. The term "pearl" as used in the jewellery industry shall always be preceded with the term "cultured" for cultured pearls or the term "imitation" for imitations of natural pearls and cultured pearls in commercial documents. It is understood that the term ‗pearl‘ is not generic when used in the trade and as described in the previous paragraph, even if the term is used in a broader sense within the public domain. The unqualified term "pearl" shall not be used when referring to an imitation or simulant of a pearl in either commercial or non-commercial documents. 4.7.8. „Saltwater cultured pearl‟ the term ‗saltwater cultured pearl‘ (5.48) shall always be used for cultured pearls cultured in bodies of saltwater. When making reference to a saltwater cultured pearl, the words ‗cultured pearl‘ do not need to be preceded by the word ‗saltwater‘ but shall, prior to the closing of the sale, require a verbal explanation only that it is a cultured pearl, this applies also in the event of a written presentation. Do not abbreviate. If a saltwater cultured pearl can be purchased without personally viewing the product, (e.g., direct mail, catalogues, online services, televised shopping programmes) explanation shall be made that it is a cultured pearl in the presentation and/or description of the product prior to the close of the sale. Note -The placing of an asterisk next to the name of saltwater cultured pearl, making reference to a footnote explanation of the fact that the product is saltwater cultured pearl, does not comply with the requirements of this clause. 4.7.9. “Cut cultured pearls” cultured pearls (5.48) that have been cut (5.50) shall be clearly described as half or three quarter cut cultured pearls. 4.7.10. “Assembled/Composite cultured blister” Assembled/Composite cultured blisters shall be named and described in accordance with (5.8 and 5.49) and all other clauses herein. 4.7.11. “Assembled/Composite cultured pearls” Assembled/Composite cultured pearls shall be named and described in accordance with (5.7) and all other clauses herein. NOTE: The terms ‗assembled‘ or ‗composite‘ may be used interchangeably. 4.8. Modifications and/or treatments 4.8.1. Cultured pearls Cultured pearls (5.48) of all varieties (inclusive of those defined in 5.8, 5.15, 5.17, 5.49, 5.50, 5.65, 5.91, 5.97, 5.154, 5.165, 5.166, 5.172 and 5.179) may have been subsequently modified or treated by the processes set out in 4.8.1.1 and 4.8.1.2 which clauses shall apply at the points of sale (5.147). 4.8.1.1. No requirement for declaration. Cultured pearls (5.48) which have been only been polished (5.148), buffed (5.28), peeled (5.140) and /or cleaned1 (5.37), do not require this information (polished - not including waxing (5.183), buffed, peeled, cleaned) to be stated in their description at the point of sale (5.147). 4.8.1.2. Requirement to declare Cultured pearls (5.48) requiring specific information of their modifications or treatments to be given at the point of sale (5.147) are all those not specifically mentioned in clause (4.8.1.1). Those modifications, presently known, that require specific information to be stated at the point of sale are; bleaching (5.20) (see also below), coating (5.38), cutting (5.50), dyeing (5.54), lustre enhancements e.g., “maeshori‖ (5.96), tinting (5.178), filling (5.59), heating (5.80), irradiation (5.87), oiling (5.126), waxing (5.183) and working (5.185). When making reference, to a cultured pearl (5.48) that has been modified or treated as described in (4.8.1.2) above (except see Bleaching below), the words ‗cultured pearl‘ or the ‗colour description‘ shall immediately be preceded or followed by a word or words that describe the modification or treatment and shall, prior to the closing of the sale, require a verbal explanation that the cultured pearl has been modified or treated. In the event of a written presentation, the word describing the modification or treatment shall be of equal emphasis and prominence, with characters of the same size and colour as those of the name itself. Do not abbreviate. Examples: Coated cultured pearl; ―Colour‖ dyed cultured pearl; Filled cultured pearl; Yellow (heated) cultured pearl, Black (irradiated) cultured pearl; Oiled cultured pearl; waxed cultured pearl; or treated cultured pearl. Bleaching (5.20) shall be identified on commercial documents by an asterisk immediately following the name of the cultured pearl to relate to a footnote that will identify that the cultured pearl is bleached. Examples: …..cultured pearls* *Mutiara Lombok and Miss Joaquim Pearls Cultured pearls grown in the Akoya pearl oyster are normally bleached to modify and/or change their appearance. *These cultured pearls have been bleached to modify and/or change their appearance. If a cultured pearl (5.48) can be purchased without personally viewing the product, (e.g., direct mail, catalogues, online services, televised shopping programmes) explanation shall be made that it is a modified or treated cultured pearl in the presentation and/or description of the product prior to the close of the sale.

Pearls Normative Clauses

South sea pearls wholesale and Pearls Normative Clauses 4.1. General Pearls (5.118), cultured pearls (5.48), composites (5.42) and imitation pearls (5.84) shall be named and described in accordance with the definitions, clauses and annexes herein. This applies to descriptions in all publications and communications addressed to the public as well as to all commercial documents (e.g., advertisements, offers, labels, memos, delivery notes and invoices) and to appraisals. 4.2. Biological name Pearls (5.118) and cultured pearls (5.48) that are not listed in Annex A or defined in (5 or 6) shall be described by the biological name of the mollusc from which they originate only. NOTE: Biological name of the natural or cultured pearl may be used to correctly identify the natural or cultured pearl instead of the commercial name (Annex A). Use the descriptive adjective for the natural pearl or cultured pearl, if any is needed, as indicated in Annex A. NOTE: the correct biological name preceded or followed by a colour description may substitute for any commercial name. 4.3. Approval of commercial names all commercial names not listed in Annex A, whether new or old, shall be submitted to CIBJO for approval and inclusion within this standard or these rules. 4.4. The term „cultured‟ the term ‗cultured‘ (5.46 and 5.48) shall only be used for cultured pearls (5.48). NOTE: the placing of an asterisk next to the word pearl making reference to a footnote explanation of the fact the product is a cultured pearl does not comply with this clause Golden South sea pearls wholesale 4.5. Display when pearls (5.118), cultured pearls (5.48), composites (5.42) and imitation pearls (5.84) are displayed for sale all clauses within this standard/rules shall apply. In cases where not all displays are devoted exclusively to pearls (5.118), cultured pearls (5.48), composites (5.42) and imitation pearls (5.84), or where jewellery is not decorated exclusively with pearls (5.118), cultured pearls (5.48), composites (5.42) and imitation pearls (5.84) but contains one of these products, an easily noticeable label shall clearly indicate the precise nature of the objects being shown. For any piece of jewellery on display that is composed of pearls (5.118) as well as cultured pearls (5.48), composites (5.42) or imitation pearls (5.84), an easily noticeable and legible label adjoining each piece of jewellery shall clearly indicate the details of its composition in accordance with the clauses herein. 4.6. Geographical area the names of specific geographical areas shall only be used to refer exclusively to pearls and or cultured pearls which are found or grown exclusively from that area e.g., ‗‗Biwa Cultured Pearl‘‘ (5.17) shall only be used to describe cultured pearls grown in freshwater bivalve molluscs in Lake Biwa, Japan, etc, unless the name of the geographical area is part of the commercial name as listed in Annex A, e.g., South Sea Cultured Pearl (5.165), etc. 4.7. The use of terms Only those pearls that conform to the definition contained in 5.118 shall be described as natural pearls and only those pearls that conform to the definition contained in 5.48 shall be described as cultured pearls and all descriptions for pearls and cultured pearls shall conform to the content of all other clauses herein. 4.7.1. „Assembled/composite‟ Assembled/Composite cultured pearls shall be described by the words composite or assembled according to the composite construction (except when they can be defined as an imitation (5.84) and shall, prior to the closing of the sale, require a verbal explanation that it is an assembled/composite pearl product, and, in the event of a written presentation, shall be immediately preceded by the correct names of the components of the assembled product, the names of which shall be mentioned from the upper part downwards and be separated by a slash (/). Except where all parts of the assembled/composite pearl products are of the same substance (excluding any cement) when the name of this substance shall be stated only once. Do not abbreviate. The terms assembled or composite, in the event of a written presentation, shall appear with equal emphasis and prominence, with characters of the same size and colour as those of the names of the components. Do not abbreviate. If an assembled/composite cultured pearl can be purchased without personally viewing the product, (e.g., direct mail, catalogues, online services, televised shopping programs, etc.) explanation shall be made that it is an assembled/composite pearl in the presentation and/or in the description of the product prior to the close of the sale Mutiara Lombok and Miss Joaquim Pearls. NOTE: The placing of an asterisk next to any name or combination of names of a pearl, making reference to a footnote explanation of the fact that the product is an assembled/composite, does not comply with the requirements of this clause. Do not use a qualifying title other than ‗assembled‘ or ‗composite‘ to describe any product classified under

Natural, Cultured, Composite and Imitation Pearls – Terminology and Classification

South sea pearls wholesale Natural, Cultured, Composite and Imitation Pearls – Terminology and Classification (nomenclature) 1. Scope The terminology and classification (nomenclature) for pearls (5.118), cultured pearls (5.48), composites (5.42) and imitation pearls (5.84) are established with reference to commercial usage and are in conformity with the practices of the international natural, cultured and imitation pearl trade. The terminology and classifications (nomenclature) of natural, cultured and imitation pearls as set out herein shall be used by all traders participating as members of CIBJO member organizations within all member nations. NOTE – CIBJO recognises that its standards are subject to government regulations in the respective jurisdiction of CIBJO members. 2. Normative references The Diamond Book, CIBJO, International Confederation of Jewellery, Silverware, Diamonds, Pearls and Stones), the World Jewellery Confederation, S.S. Del Sempione KM.28 20017 RHO Milano, Italy. cibjo@cibjo.org The Gemstone Book, CIBJO (International Confederation of Jewellery, Silverware, Diamonds, Pearls and Stones), the World Jewellery Confederation, S.S. Del Sempione KM.28 20017 RHO Milano, Italy. cibjo@cibjo.org Golden South sea pearls wholesale The Precious Metal Book, CIBJO (International Confederation of Jewellery, Silverware, Diamonds, Pearls and Stones), the World Jewellery Confederation, S.S. Del Sempione KM.28 20017 RHO Milano, Italy. cibjo@cibjo.org The Gemmological Laboratory Book, A Guide for the Management and Technical Operations of Gemmological Laboratories, CIBJO (International Confederation of Jewellery, Silverware, Diamonds, Pearls and Stones), the World Jewellery Confederation, S.S. Del Sempione KM.28 20017 RHO Milano, Italy. cibjo@cibjo.org Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, Appendices I, II and III valid from 22 May 2009. International Environment House • Chemin des Anémones • CH-1219 Châtelaine, Geneva, Switzerland, info@cites.org. 3. Pearl Categories The jewellery industry and trade shall recognize four categories of pearl: (a) The rare natural pearls (5.118) that are produced naturally by various saltwater (bi-valve and univalve) and freshwater molluscs. (b) Cultured pearls (5.48) which may encompass both nacreous (5.113) and non-nacreous (5.122) and a wide range of beaded or non-beaded products. These may be further subdivided into (i) freshwater cultured pearls that are available in considerable quantities and wide range of values, and the less plentiful (ii) saltwater cultured pearls. Cultured pearls that have not been treated by e.g. bleaching may be considered uncommon. (c) Composite cultured pearls (5.42), and Mutiara Lombok and Miss Joaquim Pearls (d) The common imitation pearls (5.84). For each category the following clauses shall apply.

International Confederation of Jewellery, Silverware, Diamonds, Pearls and Stones

South sea pearls wholesale CIBJO is the French acronym for the Confédération Internationale de la Bijouterie, Joaillerie, Orfèvrerie, des Diamants, Perles et Pierres, which translates as the International Confederation of Jewellery, Silverware, Diamonds, Pearls and Stones (normally shortened to the International Jewellery Confederation). Founded in 1926 as BIBOAH, a European organisation whose mission was to represent and advance the interests of the jewellery trade in Europe, it was reorganised in 1961 and renamed CIBJO, in 2009 it was once again reorganized and officially named ―CIBJO, The World Jewellery Confederation‖. Today CIBJO, which is domiciled in Switzerland, is a non-profit confederation of national and international trade associations including commercial organisations involved in the jewellery supply chain. It now has members from countries representing all five continents of the world. CIBJO printed its first deliberations on terminology and trade practices in 1968. Golden south sea pearls wholesale It is the task of CIBJO to record the accepted trade practices and nomenclature for the industry throughout the world. The records of the trade practices complement existing fair trade legislation of a nation or in the absence of relevant national laws they can be considered as trading standards. In countries where laws or norms exist, which conflict with the laws, norms or trade practices in other countries, CIBJO will support the national trade organizations to prevent trade barriers developing. The purpose of CIBJO is to encourage harmonization, promote international co-operation within the jewellery industry, consider issues which are of concern to the trade worldwide and to communicate proactively with members. Foremost amongst these the aim is to protect consumer confidence in the industry. CIBJO pursues all of these objectives through informed deliberation and by reaching decisions in accordance with its Statutes. CIBJO relies upon the initiative of its members to support and implement its standards, and to protect the trust of the public in the industry. The work of CIBJO is accomplished through Committees, Commissions and Sectors. Committees and Commissions consider standards for use in the jewellery supply chain. Sectors represent levels of trade in the jewellery industry. Sectors and commissions advise the Executive Committee on current trade practices and issues that affect the jewellery industry. Three independent sectors exist within the confederation: Sector A - The Products Sector Sector B - The Supply chain Sector Sector C - The Service Sector The Executive Committee may appoint Commissions that consider detailed issues. At present these are: Coloured Stone Diamond Ethics Gemmological Pearl Marketing & Education Precious Metals World Jewellers Vigilance Mutiara Lombok The Commissions for Diamonds, Gemstones, Pearls and Precious Metals have collated the guidelines, which present the accepted trade practices for applying descriptions to these materials. It is in the best interest of all those concerned to be aware of them. The Sectors and Commissions will propose changes in the standards, also known as the Blue Books, to the Executive Committee. After review the Executive Committee will submit the accepted proposals for adoption to the Board of Directors and if approved they will notify the assembly of delegates of the changes at the annual congress. Furthermore it is our mutual responsibility to support these recommendations, which concern all professional people connected with diamonds, gemstones, pearls and precious metals. CIBJO Standards are subject to government regulations in the respective jurisdictions of CIBJO members. The national umbrella organization for each country represents, in principle, all the national trade organizations involved in the sectors mentioned above. This democratic structure, which has contributed to CIBJO‘s world-wide recognition also includes international trade and commercial organizations, it provides an international forum for the trade to collectively draw attention to issues and implement resulting decisions. CIBJO Secretariat: CIBJO, The World Jewellery Confederation S.S. Del Sempione KM.28 20017 RHO Milano, Italy Miss Joaquim Pearls

Immitation pearls

Mutiara Lombok related articles: perhiasan mutiara lombok, harga mutiara lombok, toko emas mutiara lombok and paket wisata lombok.Challenging very difficult for you to differentiate true pearls using their faux furnishings. To the added eye the style identical, yet a number of properties separate a person group of pearl jewelry from the different. It is very important to be able to realize real pearl jewelry so you actually get the fashion you want or simply if you are purchasing them for an investment. 1st let's examine what genuine pearls can be found in order to established a standard that on which we can assess. By true pearls most of us mean normal and cultured pearls coming from mollusks living in sometimes saltwater (the sea, marshes) or salt water (lakes, estuaries and rivers, ponds) settings. These kind of pearl jewelry usually have taken the following attributes: They show present any fine-grained, gritty texture comprising scales along with fingerprint-like constitution due to the normal deposition connected with nacre cellular levels. They are hardly ever identical together, having compact imperfections or maybe blemishes. Almost all real pearl jewelry will have any translucent stratum of colors over the pearl's natural shade called overtone. They usually think heavy because of their size. With all the above attributes in mind, allow us talk about how a imitation pearl jewelry are usually produced. The best forms of imitation pearl jewelry are usually built utilizing powder mother-of-pearl connected with other covers, bonded in addition to an selfadhesive and rubbed. Crystal, wine glass and even vinyl pearls usually are sprayed instructions or loaded with - some sort of substance meant to imitate the particular iridescence regarding real pearl jewelry consisting of species of fish and oyster scales, CLEAN, lacquer amid other materials. Counterfeit pearls are generally sold pre-drilled, and when utilised in jewelry these kind of holes are usually covered by fashion accessories. Typically the holes throughout real pearl jewelry are often less wide, smooth likely not immediately as they am often drilled via both sides. There are numerous basic : yet definitely not foolproof rapid tests that could be easily done if you know what to anticipate. The most common test out involves chaffing the surface of the pill over all of your teeth; more often than not authentic pearls might feel gritty although imitation pearl jewelry will feel simple. Looking at many real pearl jewelry under pure sunlight can reveal different versions in iridescence and coloration, where properly identical hunting pearls possibly are artificial. Yet another very reliable test will involve looking at the particular pearl by having a magnifier regarding microscope in order to for companies, bumps as well as ridges quality of cultivated nacre. Many of us just shown some basic rules to aid you throughout discovering in the event the pearls you keep or want to buy are generally real. Whenever you be 100 percent positive you will be buying the product, you will need the assistance of a professional jewelry retailer to have these individuals professionally estimated and accredited. The test he could perform include things like x-rays, as well as if you can have the funds for it, some sort of destructive test out on one on the pearls performing open to show its elements.

Cultured Pearls Buying Guides

Mutiara Lombok related articles: perhiasan mutiara lombok, harga mutiara lombok, toko emas mutiara lombok. Pearl jewelry are very attractive and maintain a quality that will both identifies elegance and also natural beauty. A lot more varieties and also availability of pearl jewelry today than ever. The “cultured pearl” today rivals together with fine expensive diamonds, sapphires, emeralds, and rubies. Today many pearls are usually cultured, and therefore the mollusk is specially inserted by having an irritant or perhaps “nucleus” where it creates any pearl. A great way to think of the between normal pearls and also cultured pearl jewelry is to consider the normal pearl because of the mollusk working only and the cultured pearls as being a product regarding nature getting helped simply by science. Cultured pearls are generally not “fake” just like many people may possibly think. The particular culturing method takes coming from two to three a number of is a very fragile process. The particular pearl growers have tiny control on which the outcome in the pearl may be like or in the event the mollusk may reject the particular nucleus. Only a few pearls are usually fine quality as well as desirable in any way. The end result will be ultimately a result of nature. Picking pearls which can be of the best top quality are dependant on luster, nacre thickness and also quality (the outer layer), color, area perfection, condition, and sizing. The biggest aspect of treasure quality will be nacre fullness and top quality which establishes how long the particular pearl lasts. Nacre fullness determines the particular longevity in the pearl and also nacre top quality determines just how light demonstrates through the tiers of the pearl jewelry. High shine and iridescence come from good quality nacre and also any treasure with these qualities has top quality, thick nacre. When judgment nacre try to find uniform iridescence, intensity regarding luster, breaks and damaged, estimate fullness near the exercise hole involving the nacre as well as the shell bead (nacre will be lighter). Pearl jewelry are very heavy with at the very least. 5 millimeter on just about all pearls, heavy with at the very least. 5mm on almost all pearls, method with in between. 35 and also. 5 millimeter on most pearl jewelry, and skinny with. twenty-five mm or perhaps less on almost all pearls. Shine is also crucial and one in the first elements to notice. Shine is an intensive brightness that will illuminates from inside the treasure rather than just getting “shiny” such as imitation pearl jewelry. The intense perfection results coming from light getting reflected through the numerous tiers of nacre. Quality pearl jewelry will have a clear contrast involving the brightest location where primary light will be hitting the pearl jewelry and the not getting sun area producing an false impression of a “ball within the treasure. ” Search for luster simply by examining these under any fluorescent light fixture and going them back and forth to examine standard luster. Look at pearls more than a light greyish or whitened material rather than black since it is harder to choose the true top quality of the treasure. Pearl shade is also crucial. When choosing pearl jewelry note presently there body color and also overtones. One of the most desirable plus more rare whitened pearls have got “rose” shaded overtones. Ointment colored pearl jewelry are more cost-effective because they are fewer rare. Furthermore, pearls might have tones scored in depth. Darker well toned pearls will be more desirable and also expensive in comparison to lighter well toned pearls. Several natural physique colors can be purchased in pearls which includes white, dark-colored, gray, azure, gold, green, and environmentally friendly. Distinctive shaded pearls are usually rarer and also harder to locate. Have a experienced gemologist what is pearls to make certain they have certainly not been colored, especially for dearer pearls just like the black or perhaps golden kinds. Examine pearls’ surface regarding blemishes. Despite the fact that is best to evaluate for most treasure characteristics over a light record, it is best to search for blemishes over a dark record. Check in the two intense and also diffused mild. No pearl jewelry are excellent and tiny blemishes may be sacrificed for further important top quality like nacre and shine. Pearls together with higher shine conceal spots better. Finding pearls contemplate shape. You can find three treasure shapes which includes symmetrical, circular, and extraordinaire. The circular is the least common and most attractive. Symmetrical pearl jewelry include teardrop or pear-shaped pearls and also desirable yet usually cheaper than circular pearls. Extraordinaire pearls are usually irregularly designed and often the most affordable. Size also needs to be taken into mind. Larger cultured pearls are usually rarer plus more expensive. Akoya pearls above 7 ½ millimeters are more costly and costs dramatically surge with each and every ½ millimeter over 7 millimeters. To the south Sea and also Tahitian pearl jewelry also have large increase in selling price when dimensions are over 12-15 millimeters. Yet another factor to take into account in pearl jewelry is the accurate in coordinating the treasure quality inside a string regarding pearls. You should take each of the above elements in thing to consider when coordinating the pearl jewelry. Graduated pearl jewelry also consider careful coordinating. Pearl coordinating affects the significance of the jewelry due to the fact when pearl jewelry are not combined properly it will take away from seen the jewelry. Furthermore, make sure the particular pearls are typical drilled inside the center so they really lay effectively. Off-center drilled pearls is not going to lay effectively and minimizes the value of the particular piece. It will always be important to get yourself a independent research laboratory report while visiting doubt regarding pearl innovations that may are already employed to really make the pearls seem more beneficial. Make sure anyone appraising the particular pearls is actually a Graduate Gemologist (GG) which can be the Gemological Institute regarding America’s (GIA)highest award.