Pearl Terms and general definitions

South sea pearls wholesale Terms and general definitions For the purposes of these CIBJO Standard/rules, the following terms and definitions apply; 5.1. Abalone Cultured Blister a cultured blister (5.49) from an abalone.(6.1) (Wentzel, 1998, Brown, 1994, Fankboner, 2001, Fankboner, 2002, Liu, 2002, Wentzel, 2004). 5.2. Abalone Pearl a natural pearl, usually coloured, found in gastropod molluscs of the Haliotis (6.24) genus in the Pacific, Atlantic and Indian Ocean (Kelly, 2003). 5.3. Adductor muscle the muscle attached to both valves of a bi-valve (5.16) that causes the shell to close when it contracts (Mikkelsen, 2003). 5.4. Akoya see (6.45 and 6.3) (Mikkelsen, 2003). 5.5. Akoya cultured pearl a beaded cultured pearl (5.15) produced in Pinctada fucata (martensii) (6.45), the Akoya pearl oyster. 5.6. Artificial products Products which are composites or imitations (5.84). 5.7. Assembled See composite (5.42) cultured pearl and assembled cultured pearl blister (5.7). 5.8. Assembled cultured blister Golden South sea pearls wholesale assemblages of a purpose-grown cultured blisters (5.49) which have been cut from their shell, the original bead (5.124) upon which they grew being removed and the cavity filled with various types of man-made materials, and backed by a layer of shell, the assemblages being held together by an adhesive; commonly known as Mabe (5.97) or Hankei (5.79) and occur in both fresh and saltwater environments. Not to be confused with cut cultured pearl (5.50). (Mikkelsen, 2003, Walker, 2001). 5.9. Arabian Gulf An area in Southwest Asia that is an extension of the Indian Ocean located between Iran and the Arabian Peninsula. 5.10. Arabian Gulf pearls natural pearls (5.118) produced from the Pinctada Radiata (6.52). 5.11. Bahraini pearl a natural pearl (5.118) from Bahraini waters in the Arabian gulf produced from the Pinctada Radiata (6.52). 5.12. Baroque an irregularly shaped natural (5.118) or cultured pearl (5.48). Baroque was originally a French adjective used to describe objects or pearls that were not symmetrical in shape. (Mikkelsen, 2003). 5.13. Basra Pearl a natural pearl (5.118) from the Arabian gulf produced from the Pinctada Radiata (6.52). 5.14. Bead for cultured pearls 17 Mutiara Lombok and Miss Joaquim Pearls a sphere (usually) or other shape (occasionally) originally formed by cutting and polishing a nacreous shell used to accommodate the nacre (5.110) secreted from a cultured pearl sac (5.47). The bead eventually forms the centre of a beaded cultured pearl (5.15). Note: Atypically, beads formed from natural (5.118) or cultured pearls (5.48) of various types or other materials may be used, however, in such circumstances the product shall be described as containing an atypical bead or the type of bead shall be named, e.g., an ―atypical bead cultured pearl‖, a ―turquoise bead cultured pearl‖. 5.15. Beaded Nacreous Cultured Pearl beaded cultured pearls are usually nacreous (5.111) formations secreted in the interior of a pearl oyster (5.137). A bead (5.14) is inserted into the mollusc along with a piece of mantle tissue which eventually forms the cultured pearl sac (5.47) around the bead (5.14) which is in turn responsible for the secretion of nacreous layers. The outer layers of beaded nacreous cultured pearls are concentric and composed of a complex scleroprotein named conchiolin (5.44) and of calcium carbonate (usually in the form of aragonite). See nacreous cultured pearls (5.48). 5.16. Bivalve a member of the molluscan class Bivalvia, having a two-part shell, e.g., clam, oyster, mussel, and scallop (Mikkelsen, 2003). 5.17. Biwa Cultured Pearl a freshwater beaded or non-beaded cultured pearl produced in Lake Biwa, Japan, using the freshwater bivalve mollusc Hyriopsis schlegeli (6.27). See also 5.179 (Mikkelsen, 2003). 5.18. Black Cultured Pearl natural colour, cultured black pearl produced using either Pinctada margaritifera (6.49) (the Tahitian cultured pearl (5.171), Pinctada mazatlanica (6.51) or Pteria sterna (6.59) or other pearl oysters (5.137). The colour is not caused by any subsequent processing. 5.19. Black Natural Pearl natural colour, natural black pearl produced by Pinctada margaritifera (6.49) Pinctada mazatlanica (6.51) or Pteria sterna (6.59). Colour not caused by any subsequent processing. 5.20. Bleaching to remove, lighten (make whiter) or alter (e.g., from black to brown/bronze) colour by means of chemical and/or physical agents or light. (Shouguo, 2001, Sanchez, 2004). 5.21. Blister cultured pearl